OURIDA MAROUA ALLAB

Integrating Vernacular Heritage into Sustainable Modular Architecture: Courtyard-Based Environmental Performance in Algerian Vernacular Housing

Abstract

Housing is not only a phenomenon that responds to the need for physical protection, but also a spatial expression of the search for livability and comfort. Vernacular housing, shaped by local materials and traditional construction techniques and directly adapted to environmental conditions, represents one of the most authentic expressions of this search. Throughout history, housing forms have developed as a result of the relationship between humans and their environment and the continuous effort to improve living conditions. In this sense, housing can be understood as a spatial system responding to fundamental needs such as climatic adaptation, privacy, security, and the organization of daily life. Although construction techniques and architectural expressions have evolved over time, the essence of these needs has remained unchanged; what has transformed are the spatial configurations and design approaches used to address them. In this article, the role of courtyard space in traditional residential architecture in Algeria is examined, with a focus on its position within spatial organization. The study considers courtyard typology as an adaptive spatial strategy shaped by climatic variation and cultural layers. According to the Köppen climate classification, Algeria’s Mediterranean, continental, and desert climate zones are seen as key factors influencing residential architectural forms. These climatic conditions directly affect design decisions related to ventilation, thermal comfort, shading, and privacy.
The analysis shows that the courtyard is not simply a traditional architectural element, but a flexible spatial device that responds to environmental constraints. Over time, this typology has evolved as a reflection of the relationship between local living practices and climate. In this sense, the courtyard can be understood as a model that ensures continuity with vernacular traditions while also offering potential for integration into contemporary sustainable design approaches.

Biography

Ourida Maroua Allab is a 24-year-old Algerian architect. Bachelor’s degree in Architecture obtained in Algeria in 2022. In the same year, Master’s studies in Interior Architecture and Environmental Design were started at Gedik University in Turkey, where the thesis is currently being completed. Fluent in Arabic, French, and English. Research interests focus on architecture and interior design.