BUSE NUR AKYAZI

Maltepe University, Türkiye

Life Cycle Assessment Of Geothermal Energy

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the environmental impacts of geothermal power plants by focusing on their main process stages using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. With the increasing demand for sustainable and low-carbon energy sources, geothermal energy has gained attention due to its ability to provide continuous and reliable power generation with relatively low greenhouse gas emissions.

Within the scope of this study, the key processes of geothermal energy production—including drilling, fluid extraction, energy conversion, and reinjection—are analyzed in detail. The environmental performance of each stage is assessed, with a particular focus on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and overall environmental impact. In addition, differences between geothermal technologies, such as binary cycle and conventional systems, are considered in terms of emission levels and system efficiency.

The results show that geothermal energy systems produce significantly lower CO₂ emissions compared to fossil fuel-based power plants. However, certain stages, especially drilling and fluid management processes, contribute notably to the overall environmental impact. Despite these challenges, the long operational lifetime and stable energy output of geothermal power plants enhance their overall sustainability performance.

In conclusion, geothermal energy is an environmentally favorable renewable energy source. Improving process efficiency and optimizing early-stage operations are essential to further reduce environmental impacts and support the sustainable development of geothermal energy systems.

Biography

Buse Nur Akyazı is currently pursuing her undergraduate studies in the Department of Industrial Engineering at Maltepe University.

Within the scope of her Capstone Project, she focuses on sustainable energy systems, with a particular emphasis on geothermal energy. In this context, she applies the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to examine the process stages of geothermal power plants.